Finding a role model for success

By Mike DeGrosky

Many years ago, I taught supervision and management courses for a community college. It was night school and few of my students were seeking degrees. They showed up because they were motivated by a central idea –that I would help them craft a role model for their own effectiveness.

At the time, I was acting on my belief that people aspiring to effective leadership needed positive role models as well as my knowledge that many working adults had come up under people who had been excellent technical performers who may not have been fully prepared for organizational leadership.

{This article first appeared in Wildfire Magazine}

People aspiring to be effective leaders need positive role models but few of us will find a single person who meets all our leadership expectations.

These days, I can lean on some solid research around the power of positive role models. For example, a 2023 article in Forbes, by Tracy Bower, a PhD sociologist, cited a Gallup/ Amazon poll of 4,000 early to mid-career adults that found that people with positive role models were more likely to say their careers were fulfilling, that they felt established in their careers, and had careers that paid them enough. The poll also found that young people who had mentors were “more likely to have jobs with authority and autonomy and to experience more intrinsic rewards from their jobs.”

Role models are people we look up to so much that we consider them examples to be imitated. Finding people whose values and behavior inspire us to want to lead like them can accelerate a person’s development as a leader. However, leadership role models can be elusive. Leadership is complex. We want leaders to be credible, build trust, have vision, lead by example and with compassion, be authentic, act with transparency, value learning, communicate well, and inspire, motivate and direct us all while maintaining a positive environment. All those attributes can be hard to find in one person. If you have identified such a person, if you have said “I want to lead just like that,” by all means, please start emulating that person immediately, if you haven’t already.

“All leaders are incomplete leaders, works-in-progress. Stop looking for the flawless leader and build your own.”

But what if you do not have that role model, that person who meets all your leadership expectations? Build your own role model of leadership excellence. At some point in my career, I stopped looking for a single leader on whom to pattern my leadership. I’ve worked for a lot of people. Many had remarkable leadership strengths and were effective leaders but all were regular human beings with regular human-being shortcomings. None was that ideal leadership role model. I believe that is reality for most people. I have previously called attention to a classic Harvard Business Review article titled In Praise of the Incomplete Leader by Deborah Ancona, Thomas Malone, Wanda Orlikowski and Peter Senge in which the authors said “It’s time to end the myth of the complete leader: the flawless person at the top who’s got it all figured out. In fact, the sooner leaders stop trying to be all things to all people, the better off their organizations will be.”

I started noting who, in my experience, would be my benchmark for key leadership skills and attributes and building my concept of an ideal leader – a kind, compassionate human here, an excellent decision maker there, a person who had earned my trust and respect over here, an excellent communicator there. My experience inspired my college classes way back when, and later in training for fire personnel, and it has remained a big part of my leadership development philosophy.

Wildland fire is a great leadership crucible, and the sector has invested heavily in leadership development so, if we are paying attention, we can observe and draw from many good leaders, even if they are incomplete. I have also had to fill in gaps and I expect that anyone taking my approach would. I have pulled from my training and education when I had no role model for what I considered a leadership essential. There exists a mountain of academic research to draw from, against which we can benchmark our experiences. We can learn from historic figures. We can watch a good movie or TV show. Honestly, as a person who views darned near everything through a leadership lens, I consider the show Ted Lasso to be terrific leadership training. We can ask friends and trusted colleagues to tell us about their leadership role models.

I believe now, more than ever, that people aspiring to effective leadership need positive role models and having one will accelerate development as a leader at any level. But I suspect that few of us will find a single person who meets all our leadership expectations. I have embraced the idea that all leaders are incomplete leaders, worksin-progress if you will. I encourage anyone asking to stop looking for the flawless person at the top who’s got it all figured out. If you are not one of the lucky few who have found that single leadership role model, build your own; I believe you will be glad you did.

{This article first appeared in Wildfire Magazine}

Mike DeGrosky
Mike DeGrosky

Mike DeGrosky is a student of leadership, lifelong learner, mentor and coach, sometimes writer, and recovering fire chief. He taught for the Department of Leadership Studies at Fort Hays State University for 10 years. Follow Mike via LinkedIn.

Finding calm in the off-season

By Bequi Livingston 

I love the phrase pivot and redirect; it applies perfectly to healing from traumatic stress and grief, especially after fire season.

As we all know, nothing ever stays the same, especially in wildland fire.  Everything changes. The seasons change, the tides change, and wildland fire continues to change; yet we as humans, avoid change like the plague. Change can bring comfort but can also bring terror; change can bring good, but it can also bring chaos.

[This article first appeared in Wildfire Magazine.]

When dealing with traumatic stress and grief, especially once the fire season winds down, our thoughts and emotions tend to surface, partially due to our autonomic nervous system being overwhelmed from the stress of the fire season. We do everything we can to distract ourselves from this chaos by reverting to our comfort zones, which can include turning to maladaptive coping behaviors such as busyness, alcohol, substance abuse, or other addictions, because change becomes too hard.

When we pivot, we make sure one foot is planted in a stable safety zone while letting the other foot explore. As the traumatic stress and grief from this past fire season begins to unwind, it’s important to keep that one foot planted and grounded; this may include reaching out to your safe and trusted support systems – the people who help keep you grounded while providing safe space for you to talk about what’s on your mind. Finding healthy ways to engage in self-care of your choosing is also essential to grounding and helping to calm your nervous system after fire season. Wildland firefighters tend to live in a constant state of adrenaline addiction during the fire season and long after it’s over, the sympathetic nervous system on high alert 24/7 as stress hormones continue to circulate through the body. It takes time, patience, and intention to allow the nervous system time to calm down, unwind, and heal.

How do we focus on self-care, especially when we’re stuck in the remnants of the sympathetic survival mode of fight and / or flightIn this state we tend to be angry, impatient, judgmental, elusive, anxious, fearful, overworking, arguing, running away, and reverting to our addictions and distractions. Self-care modalities that are helpful in this state include breathwork, mindfulness, somatic movement (such as yoga or Tai Chi), and bodywork (such as massage, chiropractic, or cranio-sacral). Considering trauma-safe therapy with a professional you trust is helpful. Do whatever you can to go s-l-o-w down and find some stillness, even when it’s uncomfortable. You can then allow the other foot to move around, redirect, until it too finds stability and safety. As the saying goes in recovery and healing: One step forward and 20 steps back 

What self-care techniques work best when you’re stuck in the parasympathetic dorsal vagal survival mode of shut down, freeze, and collapse? This is an especially hard place to be, because you have little or no motivation to do anything, especially pivot and redirect. This is where we tend to feel sad, depressed, lethargic, unworthy, unloved, unmotivated, hopeless, helpless and may experience suicidal ideations.

Self-care modalities to consider when stuck in this parasympathetic dorsal vagal mode include active movement such as walking, dancing or jumping jacks to get out of freeze mode, and splashing your face with cold water or holding cold soda cans can help jump-start your system back into a more sympathetic mode.   Other helpful modalities include breathwork, somatic movement, and mindfulness if you’re able. Social engagement is also important when in this state, to activate the parasympathetic ventral vagal branch.  Meeting with friends for coffee or a walk in the woods, participating in a support group, going to a safe event where you’ll be around other people, and especially participating in trauma-safe therapy can help re-engage the nervous system. It’s too easy to isolate ourselves when in this mode, which isn’t healthy.

This delicate dance to find calm is never linear, it’s all over the place, like a toddler scribbling with crayons.  Yet, we must do our best to keep that one foot planted, grounded, and safe. If both feet are ungrounded, then we may have a hard time moving forward, leaving our nervous system in chaos.

As you learn to pivot and redirect this off-season, may you find strength and courage to prioritize your self-care needs. May you look back at the fire season, doing an after-action-review of yourself, your relationships, and your health. What worked well, and served you best? What didn’t work well, and didn’t serve you? And what can you do differently, to pivot and redirect, during this off-season, and make some changes to help you heal and prepare for wildfire season 2025?

A couple of helpful resources: 

[This article first appeared in Wildfire Magazine.]

Bequi Livingston was the first woman recruited by the New Mexico-based Smokey Bear Hotshots for its elite wildland firefighting crew. She was the Regional Fire Operations Health and Safety Specialty for the U.S. Forest Service in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Teachable moments – institutionalizing education for wildland agencies

By Jared Bandor

The days when men could be rallied from nearby towns to suppress wildfires for a few months during the year are long gone. Today, each of the five major U.S. federal land management agencies that have wildland fire suppression responsibilities – Bureau of Land Management, National Parks Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the U.S. Forest Service – maintain a permanent wildland fire workforce complemented by a significant temporary workforce.

In recent years, professional education has been discussed as an answer to combat the change in severity and complexity of wildfires and the issues the agencies face in suppressing them.

[This is an edited extract of an article in Wildfire Magazine. Click for the full article]

In many career fields of U.S. federal employment, a professional education is highly regarded and often required, but not in wildland fire. Proponents of institutionalizing an education system in the agencies argue that fire personnel who manage large budgets, cultivate trust of the public and politicians, supervise and lead people in dangerous situations, and collaborate with multiple government organizations should have more than a high school education. Opponents to implementing a more formal education argue that there is a well-functioning system in place that includes a governing body that sets standards, a digital system to track and document completed training, and a learning management system to create and deliver the training and educational content. With the increasing complexity of wildfires impacting communities and rising demands on firefighters to do more over the last several decades, the federal wildland fire agencies should invest in workforce education to better prepare their employees’ decision making and instill stakeholder trust.

If professional education is institutionalized, alongside training, in the federal wildland fire agencies, personnel and managers could better meet the modern demands of the job that were not as prolific or even existed 40 to 50 years ago.

Higher education could be the solution for many issues the U.S. federal wildland fire agencies are facing by incentivizing with earnings and advancement, equipping firefighters with knowledge and skills for the next position and increasing public confidence.

While the current training system for the federal wildland fire agencies is valuable and should not be replaced, the climate of wildland fire has evolved and requires a more resilient and progressive approach to workforce development. Institutionalizing a professional education system will prepare firefighters for the unprecedented severity and complexity of modern wildfires, better equip them as they advance in their careers to meet current challenges and increase stakeholder and public trust in the agencies and the workforces they employ. If the federal wildland fire agencies do not adapt, they will fail. Professionalized education must be integrated into the wildland fire workforce to ensure the nation’s disasters are not national tragedies.

This article is not meant to be prescriptive or detailed on how to institutionalize education but to provoke thoughts about how the agencies can better prepare their employees to meet the ever-changing demands of wildland fire.

The views and opinions are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the U.S. government. The author is writing in a personal capacity and does not represent any federal entity.

[This is an edited extract of an article in Wildfire Magazine. Click for the full article]

Jared Bandor

Jared Bandor works for the United States Forest Service, Region 6, at the Pacific Northwest Training Center, where he serves as training specialist. His main duties are serving as the training officer for regional employees, facilitating and instructing regional level courses, and supporting workforce development initiatives for Fire and Aviation Management (FAM) employees. Bandor has a diverse operational background on handcrews, engines, and helitak, as well as fuels, prevention, and training. He is completing a bachelor’s degree in organizational leadership, which he plans to use in future workforce development opportunities in the agency.

New wildland firefighter pay scales released by US feds

The U.S. Office of Personnel Management recently released new local pay scales for the nation’s wildland firefighters after lawmakers passed the Wildland Firefighter Payment Protection Act last month.

Lawmakers passed the act as part of the 2025 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act when they narrowly avoided a government shutdown on March 14. The act increases wildland firefighters’ special hourly base rates depending on an employee’s GS, or General Schedule, level. The increases include:

Learning through gaming

By Andrew Vanden Heuvel, Rigel Reynolds, Zachary Meyer, and Samuel Ntadom

Fortnite as a tool for wildfire education

The popular video game Fortnite contains a realistic fire mechanic, which simulates the spread of wildfire and the destruction of various materials.
The popular video game Fortnite contains a realistic fire mechanic, which simulates the spread of wildfire and the destruction of various materials.

In the summer of 2024, we launched an ambitious project to turn the popular video game Fortnite into an innovative tool for wildfire education.

Using a video game to tackle a serious issue like wildfire preparedness might seem unusual, but many game developers see great potential for building player agency and raising environmental awareness through video games.

Fortnite is a free online multiplayer game, best known for its last-player-standing Battle Royale mode. However, Fortnite also contains a creative mode, in which players can design original games using a vast library of pre-built structures, vehicles, and devices. These custom games can be published and shared with Fortnite’s 250 million-plus active monthly users. In fact, more than half of all gameplay hours in Fortnite are spent in these user-generated creative islands.

Notably, Fortnite features realistic fire that spreads dynamically between objects, destroys different materials at different rates, and can be extinguished using various liquid items. In many ways, Fortnite can act as a rudimentary fire simulator.

Fortnite Creative offers a powerful platform to create engaging wildfire education experiences and share them with a global audience.

We used Fortnite Creative to develop an interactive wildfire video game and a series of educational videos.

This scene in the video game Fortnite shows a player extinguishing a hot spot with a chug splash.
This scene in the video game Fortnite shows a player extinguishing a hot spot with a chug splash.

WILDFIRE GAME

Our first objective was to create a video game centered around wildfire prevention. In our game, Wild Fire, two teams compete to protect their side of the island from wildfires by using techniques such as clearing debris, hardening structures, and managing vegetation through prescribed burns. As fires randomly ignite across the island, players must find and extinguish hot spots to prevent damage. Teams earn points based on how well they protect their structures.

This fast-paced game teaches wildfire preparedness strategies while reinforcing the idea that everyone can help contribute to the safety of their community.

The Wild Fire island in the Fortnite video game contains dense forests and multiple wooden structures, which players must protect against encroaching fire.
The Wild Fire island in the Fortnite video game contains dense forests and multiple wooden structures, which players must protect against encroaching fire.

EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS

Our second approach was to create a series of educational videos in Fortnite based on CAL FIRE’s Ready, Set, Go! initiative. The goal was to demonstrate wildfire prevention and preparedness concepts such as creating defensible space, building emergency kits, and planning evacuations.

Fortnite has an integrated replay tool that allows users to capture everything that happens during a gameplay session. Afterward, players can navigate through the 3D environment using a virtual camera to view and record the action from any angle.

This feature turns Fortnite Creative into a virtual production studio, enabling players to act out scenes and then go back to film those scenes from any perspective they choose.

Video games offer a powerful way to deliver wildfire education by providing interactive, risk-free environments in which players can experiment with actions and see their consequences. While not hands-on in the traditional sense, these virtual experiences are immersive, which can build empathy, deepen understanding, and connect abstract concepts to the real world.

In Fortnite, players can experience the spread of fire, learn how to mitigate it, and understand how their actions reduce wildfire risk. These experiences bridge the gap between awareness and action, empowering players to believe they really can make a difference.

Educators and wildfire professionals can explore these resources and collaborate with us to enhance and expand their impact by visiting www.andrewvh.com/ wildfire-magazine to preview the resources.

Our thanks to Rushton Hurley at Next Vista for Learning, the authors of The Environmental Game Design Playbook and the Fortnite EDU & ArshtRock Climate Workshop facilitators for their inspiration and support.

[This article first appeared in Wildfire magazine]

Andrew Vanden Heuvel is a professor of physics and astronomy who experiments with innovative approaches to science education. This work was carried out with his three research students, Rigel Reynolds, Zachary Meyer, and Samuel Ntadom, physics students at Calvin University in Grand Rapids, MI, United States.

Remains identified as missing firefighter from 2020 fire

Remains found late last year in the San Bernardino Mountains in California have been positively identified as Carlos Baltazar, a US Forest Service firefighter who went missing during the El Dorado Fire in 2020, county officials have confirmed.

An investigation began in October last year when a hunter discovered a human remains in a remote part of the mountains near Highway 18.

The San Bernardino County Sheriff-Coroner Department confirmed that the identification of Baltazar, a 39-year-old from La Puente, was made using DNA. The cause of death remained undetermined.

El Dorado Fire, Sept 11, 2020
El Dorado Fire, Sept 11, 2020. InciWeb.

As reported by Wildfire Today at the time, Baltazar was a member of the Big Bear Interagency Hotshot Crew in September 2020 that fought the El Dorado Fire, sparked after a gender reveal party gone wrong. Charles Morton, serving as the squad boss for the crew, died in the fire, and Baltazar’s family told local media that Baltazar had seemed depressed in the days after Morton’s death and went missing the week after.

The deadly El Dorado Fire scorched nearly 23,000 acres after erupting in September 2020.

A California couple pleaded guilty after accepting a plea deal to take responsibility for the blaze that was sparked by the gender reveal. The male pleaded guilty to charges of involuntary manslaughter and two counts of recklessly causing a fire to an inhabited structure, while the female pleaded guilty to three misdemeanors. He was sentenced to one year in a county jail, two years felony probation and 200 hours of community service. In addition, the family was ordered to pay victims’ restitution of $1,789,972.