Sadler fire: who should have been held accountable?

A rocket scientist who calls himself “old coyote” wrote a ridiculous post on another wildland fire web site about accountability. He or she was offering an opinion about the disciplinary actions that were taken after the accident in which eight members of the Klamath Hot Shots were injured when their crew carrier was hit by a semi truck and rolled over on August 22, 2009 in northern California. According to rumors on that site, some members of the overhead on the hot shot crew were forced to take some time off as a result of their actions or inactions related to the cause of the injuries, reportedly for some members of the crew not wearing seat belts. “Old coyote” wrote:

When you think about it, the personnel actions fall right in line with the fall-out from the Sadler Fire. Now, why did practically a whole platoon of team overhead lose their quals due to an independent decision of a certain dumb-ass Crew Boss?

For the December/January 1999-2000 issue of Wildfire magazine (vol 9, no. 1) I wrote an analysis of the findings from the Sadler fire investigation report. I was moved to write the analysis due to the unique nature of the August, 1999 incident. The sheer number of errors in judgement that were made on that fire were astounding. Never before or since have I been aware of a large fire being run by a Type 1 Incident Management Team where so many poor decisions were made that seriously and adversely affected the safety of firefighters.

To imply that the single cause of the entrapment on the fire was the fault of a “dumb-ass Crew Boss”, or that the IMTeam should not be held accountable, is absurd.

The head of the Sadler fire approaching the backfiring operation.
The head of the Sadler fire approaching the backfiring operation.

The Incident Action Plan written by the Type 1 IMTeam for the Sadler fire stated that the tactics for every Division that day “will be announced at briefing”. And, neither the Division Supervisor nor the Branch Director were given copies of the written plan.

The strategy of backfiring from a dozer line out ahead of the fire that was developed by the Branch Director was presented to two hot shot crews by the Division Supervisor, but the crews refused the assignment. The Crew Boss of a Type 2 crew of National Park Service regular employees accepted it. They were not a full time organized crew.

The entrapment happened to six members of the crew as they were igniting the backfire along the dozer line in grass and sage vegetation. There were no lookouts posted, and unexpectedly to the firing team, the head of the main fire overran their location.

The entire article as it appeared in Wildfire is on our Documents page, but below are some excerpts, including a long list of some of the mistakes, errors in judgement, and sheer laziness in emergency management that were exposed in the report.

Continue reading “Sadler fire: who should have been held accountable?”

SC fire: 2 burnovers and a fire shelter deployment

On Wednesday, April 22 during the initial attack phase of the Highway 31 fire near North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, there were two separate incidents in which tractor-plow units were burned over.

The South Carolina Forestry Commission (SCFC) has released 24-Hour Preliminary Briefing reports on both incidents.  There were no injuries or fatalities in either case. Both reports refer to extreme fire behavior with spotting occurring 400-500 yards ahead of the main fire, which was burning in bay fuels. The fire reached approximately 9,000 acres during the initial operational period.

Here are excerpts from the SCFC reports:

Incident #1:

During the initial attack, a SCFC tractor-plow operator was on his tractor in the process of unloading while parked on a road right-of-way. Before the tractor was unloaded, the fire came out of the woods adjacent to the right-of-way and the operator left his unit and ran to a nearby safety zone. The operator was not injured, but the fire burned over the firefighting unit (tractor and transport) and was significantly damaged.

Incident #2:

During night operations, 5 SCFC tractor-plow units were constructing firebreaks in a power line right-of-way. Two units reached a wet area ahead of the remaining tractors and became stuck. The fire rapidly approached the right-of-way, and both tractor operators exited their units. The tractor-plow operators located a wet area within the firebreak and deployed their fire shelters in close proximity to their tractors to deflect radiant heat from the approaching fire. They remained in the shelters for a very short time period and suffered no burns or other injuries. The fire caused no damage to the tractor-plow units.

Geeze.  Be careful out there folks.

In case you are not familiar with tractor plows, here are some photos that I took on the Blackjack fire on the Okeefenokee National Wildlife Refuge in Georgia in 2002. On this particular plow, hydraulics are used to raise the tires, which in effect lowers the disks and the plow into the soil.

tractor plow on trailer
Tractor plow. Photo: Bill Gabbert
Tractor plow up close
Tractor plow up close. Photo: Bill Gabbert

Thanks, Mark.

Whole-house fire shelters

It’s incredible what you can find on the Internet.

Many of us are familiar with the practice of wrapping a house that will be threatened by a wildland fire with “fire shelter wrap“… similar to the material used in personal fire shelters–as in the picture below, taken on the Big Fish fire in Colorado in 2002. (It worked, by the way.)


But a number of patents have been issued for devices or systems that would wrap an entire house, theoretically in short order, by one-piece units or systems that would deploy the fire resistant material mechanically.

The unit below, patent #5,860,251, issued January 19, 1999, uses inflatable tubes to erect the flexible fabric over an entire structure. Many large fires are wind-driven. I wonder what the effect of a 50 MPH wind would be on the inflatable structure? It would probably end up in the next county.


The system in the photo below, patent #5,829,200, issued November 3, 1998, uses winches, rollers, and pulleys pre-installed on the house to deploy fire resistant material stored on rolls.


I have no idea if these two systems have ever been developed or manufactured, but you have to admit they are, uh, interesting.