Bringing wildfire scenario planning to life

Capital Shield Foresight training scenario.

As fire and other emergencies become more complex, chaotic and concurrent, incident managers may find that traditional pre-season tabletop exercises struggle to cope with these new demands.

An emerging Australian company has seized the power of AI to develop a scenario package that moves faster, adapts to sudden changes, reacts to multiple pressures, and responds to decisions in real time, for better or for worse. Capital Shield’s Foresight platform is pitched as the next level full-dress rehearsal for wildfire and other emergency agencies.

The story starts back in 2020, when a group of undergraduates at the National Security College at the Australian National University established the Australian Crisis Simulation Summit. They brought together around 100 students from across Australia with Australian Government support to focus on realistic national security scenarios using a range of software platforms built for such exercises.

Tim Hobbs, CEO of Capital Shield, says the problem was that none of the platforms did what was actually needed. “They couldn’t generate a genuinely realistic exercise environment. We could build a compelling scenario on paper, but the tools couldn’t bring it to life.”

And so, Hobbs and his co-founder, Connor Kneebone, built a new software platform, using AI to lift the standard to include more complex, more dynamic scenarios, that can twist and turn in real time.

“It’s a browser-based environment built around doctrine that recreates the pressure of a real incident, with live spatial mapping, radio traffic, media calls, social media sentiment and stakeholder pressure all arriving at once, against a compressed operational clock,” he said.

“An agency can build a scenario in its own geography, with its own fuel loads, fire weather and community assets, then run its IMT through it. Because the environment is adaptive, the fire responds to the team’s decisions.”

Capital Shield has established relationships in the Defence and national security space with several Australian Government agencies using the platform, which links to the Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS), or as needed, to a state emergency plan, or to an organisation’s own crisis management plan or competency standards.

Capital Shield was an exhibitor at the IAWF Fire Behaviour and Fuels conference in Hobart in April this year and attracted strong interest demonstrating Foresight.

Foresight is also aimed at international use with take-up by agencies in Germany and Japan, and early approaches being made in the US and Canada.

The exercise can be delivered by one facilitator in person or remotely, with participants in different places able to share the same simulation for fire, flood, storm or other events.

Hobbs says the platform offers a better option to static and scripted exercises in current use worldwide. “They are often PowerPoint-based, with a facilitator reading injects off a list and giving a subjective debrief at the end. Everyone agrees it’s a great way to learn, and it is. But the pressure isn’t real, the realism isn’t there, and performance isn’t measured.

“We’ve taken exercises to the next level. In Foresight you’re making the decisions you’d be expected to make on the day of a real incident, in a live, reactive environment, but a safe one. The fire responds to your suppression strategy, the media and the community push back through the same channels you’d really use, and the clock doesn’t wait.

“Then at the end it recalls all of it and gives you a structured after-action review: here’s how you went, here’s where the gaps were, measured against the doctrine your organisation actually operates under. So, it’s not just a better way to rehearse, it’s the first time most teams can demonstrate their readiness rather than assert it.”

For more on Foresight go to:

https://www.capitalshield.com.au

Wildland firefighter health should be treated as fire infrastructure, urges emerging research focus

The physiological and psychological stress that wildfire personnel are put under every fire season has quickly moved from the margins of fire research to the mainstream, with global pathways for funding increasingly expanding, according to International Journal of Wildland Fire Associate Editor Anthony White.

White, in an editorial in the Journal, said he has seen an increased focus on firefighter health at many international wildfire conferences, including the 4th International Smoke Symposium in Tallahassee earlier this year. The growing focus led him to create a framework for researchers, agencies and decision-makers to integrate a health focus into how we manage fire and treat firefighter health as fire management infrastructure.

“This is not simply a matter of individual well-being: it influences operational capacity, how long crews can work safely, how reliably they can make decisions under pressure, how quickly they can recover between deployments, and whether they remain in the workforce,” White said in his editorial. “Yet in many jurisdictions, wildfire personnel still receive little or no coordinated, central monitoring and support.”

Through White’s lens, the health of wildfire crews isn’t a consideration after the fire is contained, but rather one of the many other considerations made when fire planning, like fuels, weather, logistics and equipment. White argues that the same logic should apply to people.

“If physical and mental health shape safety, effectiveness, and retention, then they belong in the core fire management framework, not at the periphery or as something to ‘follow up later,” White said. “The question, then, is what changes when we treat wildfire personnel health as infrastructure: something we prepare for before the season begins, manage actively during operations, and support intentionally during recovery.”

“The wildfire workforce is a precious resource. Sustaining it will require the same mindset applied to other infrastructure: plan early, manage actively, support recovery, and learn systematically, season after season.”

Anthony White is an Associate Editor for the International Journal of Wildland Fire. This editorial was written as part of IJWF’s initiative to spotlight emerging topics and foster discussion within the wildfire research community. White presented his research on wildfire smoke impacts on the brain at the 4th International Smoke Symposium in Florida, United States, earlier this year, and will speak again at the AFAC26 conference in Melbourne, Australia in August.

Click here to read White’s full editorial.

Wildfire Prevention Act becomes ‘Trojan Horse’ for Roadless Rule repeal

Support for a once bipartisan piece of wildfire-focused legislation has faltered after Republican lawmakers added a repeal of the Roadless Rule.

Energy and Natural Resources Committee Chairman Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) proposed the amendment to the Wildfire Prevention Act, which would increase fuels treatments in federal forests and had support from both Democrats and Republicans before the amendment. The nullification of the rule dissolved that support.

The “Roadless Rule” prohibits new road construction and intensive logging in millions of acres of federal forest. The Trump administration has been targeting the rule for years, with the current Forest Service leadership announcing a draft proposal to rescind it in June 2025.

The inclusion of the Roadless Rule’s repeal triggered criticism from Democratic senators on the committee, with Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM) saying the bill had become a “Trojan Horse” for the repeal.

“We took a previously, largely bipartisan, constructive wildfire effort, and now it has become a partisan pitched battle over repealing roadless areas,” Heinrich said. “That is a poster child for how not to get successful legislation done, and I am disappointed.”

Lee previously called the Roadless Rule an “environmental disaster” and claimed the rule hampers forest thinning and fire prevention. But the rule’s text does allow prescribed burning and fuel treatments.

The Wildfire Prevention Act passed the committee along party lines, 11-9, but Democratic lawmakers said the inclusion of the repeal guarantees the larger bill’s failure.

Numerous environment-focused organizations immediately condemned the repeal’s inclusion in the Wildfire Prevention Act, including Environment America, the National Wildlife Federation, the Sierra Club, the BlueRibbon Coalition, and the Defenders of Wildlife. The major proponents of the Roadless Rule’s repeal are timber associations, which said the rule is based on false and unscientific premises.

Research has repeatedly found that ending the roadless rule would likely make wildfires more common, rather than reducing the fires.

READ MORE: End to landmark roadless rule will make wildfires more likely

Marcos Aerospace Unveils the Quencher concept

Quencher, a concept amphibious firefighting aircraft by Marcos Aeropace. (Photo AI generated and supplied by Marcos Aerospace)

This firefighting aircraft promises to do it all – amphibious, pilotless, day and night ops, fleet coordination and an AI brain.

Marcos Aerospace, a Greek aerospace startup based in Athens, has just launched Quencher, an autonomous amphibious aircraft currently in what the company is describing as “the preliminary design phase.”

With a 4,500-litre water capacity, Quencher is designed to conduct high-frequency aerial firefighting operations both day and night. Marcos Aerospace says patent application covering the platform’s core innovations have been filed.

The company announcement describes Quencher as “a deep-tech aerial firefighting platform”.

“Quencher integrates AI-assisted navigation, automated mission management, autonomous flight controls, and swarm coordination capability. The aircraft is optimized for continuous scooping operations from seas and lakes, as well as rapid refilling at designated ground stations, enabling relentless, around-the-clock initial attack and wildfire suppression,” according to the media release.

“Quencher is not merely a new aircraft; it represents a paradigm shift and a new category in aerial firefighting,” said Marcos Caramalengos, aerospace engineer and founder of Marcos Aerospace.

The Marcos Aerospace website provides some more detail. One operator can coordinate up to five Quencher aircraft simultaneously.  Maximum speed is 440km/h, cruise speed is 360 km/h, built around a Pratt and Whitney PW127 turboprop engine.

A clarification of its current status on the website shows the concept is still in its very early days: “Quencher is under development. The aircraft, systems, and operational concepts described on this site reflect the current design intent and program direction. Certification, testing, and operational deployment will follow applicable regulatory and safety requirements.”

Quencher is in Pre-Production Development Phase (2026–2029), which includes the design, engineering, and certification of the Quencher aircraft ahead of first production and commercial launch.

Marcos Aerospace says it is now open to strategic partnerships and discussions with civil protection authorities, industry stakeholders, and investors.

Elevated fire weather forecasted throughout the US this week

The “very active” fire season predicted for the U.S. since the beginning of the year may largely kick off this week, according to forecasts from the National Interagency Fire Center.

Elevated fire weather conditions are set across the Southwest and southern Great Basin regions due to strong winds, dry conditions and very warm temperatures, according to the Center’s forecasts. Much of the Southwest, Great Basin, and far north are expected to experience significant wildland fire potential throughout June, according to the Center’s outlooks.

Much of Arizona, Utah and southeast Nevada specifically are at high risk of wildfire ignitions this week, mainly due to windy conditions, data from the Center’s daily forecasts showed.

“Minimum relative humidity will fall to 5-15% across Arizona, Utah, and Nevada, with southwest winds 10-20 mph and gusts to 30-35 mph across exposed terrain and ridges, with the strongest winds in southern Nevada, southwest Utah, and northwest Arizona,” Center officials said.

Wildfire crews have already been busier than usual this year. More than 31,511 fires have burned almost 2.5 million acres nationwide, which are above the 10-year averages of 22,270 fires and 1.27 million acres, according to the Center.

Credit: NIFC

Peak wildfire season nears as Western states are expected to face water shortages due to extremely low streamflows throughout the spring, according to the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

“Many of the rivers are likely to experience well-below median streamflows, which may rival the lowest flows on record for the region,” the Service said in a previous Water and Climate Update. “Water shortages are anticipated in many locations, especially for entities that rely on surface streamflow water, without the benefit of having access to stored reservoir water.”

PREVIOUS COVERAGE: Record-low water shortages expected ahead of very active US wildfire season

The low streamflows were blamed primarily on record-low snowpack during the winter months, which also melted weeks earlier than normal. The “unprecedented” snowpack levels were the lowest in 40 years, and researchers said the only way extreme fire chances could be reduced was through a “major switch” in circulation patterns. So far, there’s nothing in season forecasts or weather models that indicate such a switch is on its way.

US Wildland Fire Service partially funded from significant EPA cuts

It’s been nearly half a year since the U.S. Wildland Fire Service was formally launched, but the new agency has gone without funding since. Lawmakers may soon change that.

The U.S. House Committee on Appropriations submitted its funding plan for the Department of the Interior, the environment and related agencies this week, with a specific focus on the fire service. Lawmakers said the funding was in line with the Trump Administration’s proposal to unify the DoI’s firefighting activities.

The nearly $1.2 billion in proposed funding for the Wildland Fire Service is a fraction of the original $6.5 billion proposed for the service in the 2026 appropriations act, which was blocked by a bipartisan group of Senators. Lawmakers were allegedly only able to get the $1.2 billion by significantly cutting the funding of the Environmental Protection Agency.

“In order to fund these priorities at necessary levels, the Committee has reduced funding for the majority of accounts in the bill,” lawmakers said in their funding report. “This includes a reduction of $1,781,584,000, or 20 percent, reduction to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) below the fiscal year 2026 enacted level.”

The Republican and Democratic Senators who previously blocked the funding said they couldn’t endorse the consolidation of federal wildland firefighting forces from both the Department of the Interior and the U.S. Forest Service, which manages more than two-thirds of the nation’s firefighting resources, into a single agency. They said such a combination of resources could only be approved by an act of Congress, and ordered the agency to conduct a study on the feasibility of such a consolidation.

The House Committee’s members acknowledged the study, and said the Trump Administration is in the process of contracting with an independent research organization to complete the study.

The funding proposal addressed numerous other wildland fire subjects, including:

  • $2.6 billion for wildland fire management under the U.S. Forest Service.
  • $185 million for hazardous fuels management activities, including $18 million for the Community Wood Energy Program’s sawmilling equipment.
  • $5 million for forest restoration and seedling replanting activities, specifically in the Pacific Region.
  • $3 million for Wildland Urban Interface fire research.
  • $2.5 million for purchasing generators for Tribal Health Programs to mitigate issues for de-energization protocols during wildfires.
  • $1.6 million to the Forest Service for AI wildfire modeling research near the National Interagency Fire Center.

Click here to read the full report and the full funding bill.

Europe preps for a wild wildfire summer

Romanian and French firefighters posing for a group photo in front of their fire trucks Romanian firefighters that have been strategically pre-positioned in the south of France, in Perpignan, within a wider wildfire preparedness initiative coordinated via the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. Photo European Union

Europe has boosted its wildfire preparations ahead of a forecasted busy 2026 season by deploying its largest force yet of firefighters, aircraft and other experts across the continent.

The announcement comes as the World Meteorological Organisation issued a Global Seasonal Climate Update that, while highlighting the development of a strong El Nino around the Pacific, also warns of hot, dry conditions elsewhere.

“For the June-July-August season, forecasts project a nearly universal dominance of above-normal temperatures in nearly all parts of the globe,” the WMO says.

The late May “heat dome” over Western Europe has eased this week but the early seasonal heatwave may be the first taste of a long, hot summer.  

The European Commission announcement follows a record 2025 season where 1 million hectares across Europe were burned. Its 2026 pre-positioning program includes:

  • 777 firefighters from 14 countries to be deployed across high-risk areas in 6 countries in the south of Europe
  • 22 firefighting airplanes and 5 helicopters from the EU fleet to support countries under pressure
  • 21 certified teams ready to intervene all over Europe 
The Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) in Brussels is the heart of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. It coordinates the delivery of assistance to disaster-stricken countries, such as relief items, expertise, civil protection teams and specialised equipment. Photo: European Union
The Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) in Brussels is the heart of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.

As the season progresses, the placement of these resources will be based on daily wildfire risk forecasts from the European Forest Fire Information System and the EU satellite Copernicus.

In addition, the EU is launching a new European regional firefighting station in Cyprus this year to strengthen wildfire preparedness and response capacities across Europe and the South Mediterranean region. The station will have the capacity to pre-position 6 aircraft and host trainings for civil protection practitioners.

The announcement is consistent with the March release of the new comprehensive EU strategy on wildfire management.

An overview of the 2026 summer fleet supported by the EU Civil Protection Mechanism:

  • Croatia: Two medium amphibious airplanes.
  • Cyprus: Two light airplanes (in addition to four light airplanes funded by other EU instruments).
  • Czechia: Two helicopters.
  • France: Four medium amphibious airplanes and one helicopter.
  • Greece: Four medium amphibious airplanes.
  • Italy: Two medium amphibious airplanes.
  • North Macedonia: Two light airplanes.
  • Portugal: Two light airplanes.
  • Romania: One helicopter.
  • Slovakia: One helicopter.
  • Spain: Two medium amphibious airplanes.
  • Sweden: Two light airplanes.
EU wildfires preparedness measures for 2026. Prepositioned ground forest fighting teams.
EU wildfires preparedness measures for 2026. Prepositioned ground forest fighting teams.
EU wildfires preparedness measures for 2026.
EU wildfires preparedness measures for 2026.

IAWF at Wildfire Camp in Germany

IAWF at Interschutz 2026, Hanover Germany

We are at Interschutz 2026 in Hanover, Germany all this week: 1-6 June 2026.

IAWF Vice President Ciaran Nugent is hosting a small display outdoors in the Wildfire Camp with a small group of colleagues.

IAWF at Interschutz 2026, Hanover Germany
IAWF at Interschutz 2026, Hanover Germany

For the first time in its 70-year history the large Interschutz fire and rescue services trade fair in Germany features a zone dedicated to wildfire and it is great for the IAWF to be a part of it.

Wildfire Camp will display around 20 companies and other organizations on early detection, prevention and suppression of wildfires. While small in relation to the rest of the trade fair, the arrival of Wildfire Camp signals a growing acceptance of wildland fire as an essential part of overall fire management planning and resourcing in Europe.

The Interschutz fire and rescue services trade fair is huge – around 1750 exhibitors from 55 countries are in Hannover from 1-6 June 2026. The exhibition space fill nine halls plus outdoor displays and in the past has attracted up to 150,000 visitors.

Wildfire Camp is the work of four main players – Bosch Building Technologies, the European Forest Institute (EFI), @fire, and IMBOS e.V, bringing together science, emergency responders, and technology providers.

The International Association of Wildland Fire is hosting a stand in the Wildfire Camp that will also include CAL FIRE, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Airbus, Drager, Husqvarna, OroraTech, Vallfirest, Waterax and others.

Reflecting the desire to not just promote hardware and other services, the Wildfire Camp has a strong emphasis on understanding wildfire in a European context and learning from international experts. In addition to the outdoor demos there is a program of expert presentations and panel discussions into operational strategies, early detection technologies, prevention measures by the European Forest Institute.

See more information about the WildfireCamp@INTERSCHUTZ, including all participating companies,

Visit the International Association of Wildland Fire at Interschutz 2026 in the Open-air section of the Wildfire Camp, stand D90 (29).

Global wildfire report for 2025 notes drop in area burned, as USAID cuts threaten future reports

Disastrous wildfires in Manitoba leave indigenous tribes without help.

Wildfires filled the headlines of 2025 from the US to South Korea to Spain and beyond, but an annual report shows that last year was actually one of the lowest fire years of this century.

At the global scale, land area burnt by wildfires in 2025 was nearly 828 million acres, which was the second-lowest on record since 2002 and around 16% below the average burned area of 2002 to 2024, according to the updated annual report published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. Last year also had the third-lowest total carbon dioxide emissions since 2002, around 12% below the 2002-2024 emissions average. And yet, wildfires killed more than 90 people and forced over 300,000 evacuations.

Researchers said the low burned area total in the midst of persistent extreme wildfires is a hallmark of our current era, especially in areas of social and economic inequality. The key points of the report included:

  • Emissions from Canada’s boreal forest wildfires from between 2023 and 2025 exceeded the combined emissions of the preceding 15 years
  • Los Angeles’ wildfires in January ranked as the fifth most costly natural disaster in world history
  • The United Kingdom experienced its first “megafire” exceeding 25,000 acres as wildfires throughout Europe were fueled by widespread drought and heat extremes

“A catalogue of extreme wildfires in 2025 continues to demonstrate that devastating consequences are not governed by area burned alone…Although the year’s most damaging events did not always coincide with exceptional total area burned, they produced acute societally disastrous outcomes,” the researchers said in the report. “Overall, the frequency of extreme fires in fuel-rich temperate and high-latitude systems, drought-driven fire activity in Europe, and disproportionate human impacts when extreme fires intersect with exposed communities are expected to further increase under continued warming.”

Researchers also warned that the database used in the report to establish the economic costs of major wildfires faces an “urgent finding crisis” following the cuts to USAID funding, according to the report’s lead author Matt Jones, from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia, UK. Scientists who rely on the database warn that the consequences of its loss would be practical, immediate, and damaging, and are asking the public for support through the signing of an open letter.

“In an era of intensifying climate extremes, cascading risks, and compounding crises, reliable data are not a luxury,” the scientists said. “They are the infrastructure for informed decision-making. Disaster risk reduction, early warning systems, anticipatory action, and climate adaptation all require credible historical baselines.”

Click here to read the full petition.

Save the environment, and the economy, with prescribed burning, researchers say

The environmental benefits of fighting bad fire with good fire have been documented for decades, but researchers are now working to show just how much economic good prescribed burning brings.

A study recently published in the journal Science integrated and analyzed U.S. Forest Service data from 285 wildfires that intersected with prescribed burning and other fuel treatments across 11 western states from 2017 to 2023 to measure how much damage was averted due to the treatments. Researchers specifically used data on wildfire perimeters, locations of fuel treatments, suppression effort, fire simulation outputs, and key determinants of fire behavior.

They found that prescribed burning, along with other forest fuel treatments, avoided the staggering costs of large and severe wildfires. The study specifically found that every dollar the U.S. Forest Service spent on the tactics yielded $3.73 in benefits, saving over $2.7 billion between 2017 and 2023.

“A century of wildfire suppression policies has disrupted fire-adapted forest ecosystems, allowing fuel loads to accumulate, driving larger, more severe, and costlier wildfires,” the researchers said in the study. “Our findings demonstrate that fuel-reduction treatments are a cost-effective strategy to mitigate these impacts.”

Numerous commitments have been made to accelerate the pace and scale of fuel treatments across the United States, but they remain largely underutilized due to public pressure and risk aversion skewing toward fire suppression rather than prevention, according to the study. So, researchers worked to figure out how much of an economic benefit, if any, prescribed burn treatments created.

“The value of fuel treatments is often underappreciated by the public and policymakers, leading to persistent barriers in their broader implementation, including regulatory, funding, and capacity constraints,” the researchers said. “These dynamics reflect a classic public goods problem: despite their broad societal benefits, there are insufficient incentives to invest in prevention measures without clear, credible evidence of their benefits.”

Click here to get access to the full paper.