12 Questions for Dan O’Brien

Today we are beginning a new series of articles on Wildfire Today in which we ask some current and retired leaders in the wildland fire service to answer 12 questions.

We appreciate everyone who is cooperating with this project. Some of their responses to the first three questions may add to the knowledge base of our new firefighters coming up through the ranks.

In today’s inaugural installment we hear from Dan O’Brien, who retired from the National Park Service as the Intermountain Regional Fire and Aviation Management Officer, working out of Denver.

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Dan O'BrienWhen you think of an excellent leader in the fire service, who comes to mind first? 
General Sherman… (You did mean in chronological order didn’t you?)

What is one piece of advice you would give to someone before their first assignment as an Incident Commander?
Always weigh the probability of success against the consequences of failure before making decisions.

If someone is planning a prescribed fire, what is one thing that you hope they will pay particular attention to?
If there is a 95% chance of success for each of the following: 1) a correct weather forecast; 2) equipment won’t breakdown; 3) all needed resources will arrive on time; 4) there will be no accidents during the operation; and 5) everyone will clearly understand the strategy and tactics — then there is at least a 25% chance that something will go wrong.  Expect the unexpected and complete your contingency plans.

What was the first very large fire you were on?
The Johnson Bar Fire, Nez Perce National Forest, 1960.

What color should fire trucks be?
I’m personally not sure, but I think there should be an interagency committee created in order to best answer that question.  No wait, I think that has already been done more than once. Following the air tanker analogy, perhaps with more time and money the answer can finally be found.

What was the first job you ever had?
Mowing neighborhood lawns and a paper route.

What was the first job you had within the fire service?
In the early 1960s there wasn’t much of an official fire service.  I worked on a USFS Blister Rust Crew in northern Idaho.  We spent over a month each year on large fires and were thought of by most as lowly “Brush Apes” that were overpaid at $1.63/hr. and no time and a half for overtime.

What cell phone do you have for personal use?
An Android smarter than me phone.

What kind of computer do you have at home?
A Gateway desktop.

What gadgets can’t you live without?
With a microwave, credit card, and a cell phone I can exist quite nicely.

What was the first vehicle that you bought?
A 1937 Ford coupe with mechanical brakes.

What was your most memorable vacation?
The year after I retired and I finally got to take a real summer vacation.

Tasmania cools, but fire threat continues

This video about the fire situation in Australia has some excellent footage of driving at night through an area that is burning. It was uploaded to YouTube on January 9, 2013 by ITN with the description: “Australia’s record-breaking heatwave has sent temperatures soaring, melting road tar and setting off hundreds of wildfires. Report by Lindsay Brown.”

The next video was also uploaded to YouTube on January 9, 2013.

Record heat in northern and southern hemisphere

If you are one of the 18 remaining climate change deniers, you should stop reading now, because what follows will make you uncomfortable.

Northern Hemisphere:

Average temperatures, United StatesThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is reporting that last year was the hottest on record for the contiguous United States, shattering CRUSHING by a wide margin the previous record set in 1998. The average temperature of 55.3 degrees Fahrenheit was 1 degree above the previous record and 3.2 degrees higher than the average for the 20th century. That is a huge difference.

From the Washington Post:

Last year’s record temperature is “clearly symptomatic of a changing climate,” said Thomas R. Karl, who directs NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center. Americans can now see the sustained warmth over the course of their own lifetimes — “something we haven’t seen before.” He added, “That doesn’t mean every season and every year is going to be breaking all-time records, but you’re going to see this with increasing frequency.”

Southern Hemisphere:

Extremely high record-breaking temperatures and “catastrophic” fire danger ratings in Australia are not only contributing to the rapid spread of numerous bush fires, but they may cause some electronic gadgets to stop working. According to Wired, Apple advises that an iPhone should not be used when temperatures reach 95F (35C). In Sydney yesterday the high was 108F (42C).

The extreme weather is also causing problems for meteorologists when they attempt to display the highest ever recorded temperatures on their standard maps.

From Wired:

Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology had to add new colors to its weather map. Now, those unfortunate parts of Australia that achieve temperatures above 122ºF (50ºC) — temperatures that were, until recently, literally off the scale — will be marked in deep purple and terrifying hot pink. It is an interesting moment in data visualization history when climate scientists find themselves in the position of revising the upper bounds of temperatures they ever expected to depict.

It is possible that our electronics and our infrastructure were designed for a climate that we no longer have. When the streets and buildings of lower Manhattan were built, no one expected that they would be flooded by a hurricane. Apple did not design the iPhone for the recent weather in Australia.

 

Thanks go out to Clyde, Kelly, and Dick

Daughter of hotshot superintendent missing

UPDATE: January 9, 2012

The car registered to Sarah Alarid was discovered today on its roof in a ravine below a road in the Angeles National Forest. A body was found nearby but the person has not been identified.

More information HERE and HERE.

UPDATE #2: the media is reporting that the deceased person near the car has been identified as Sarah Alarid.

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The 19-year old daughter of Mike Alarid is missing. Mike is the superintendent of the Bear Divide Hotshots on the Angeles National Forest in California. Sarah Alarid was last seen leaving a New Year’s Eve party in Canyon Country, California at 3 a.m. on New Year’s day.

Sarah Alarid Flyer

More information.

Unmanned aerial vehicles considered for monitoring fires in Australia

With numerous large fires burning in Australia, there has been discussion about the practicality of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to detect and monitor fires. In an article at Wired, Thomas Duff of the University of Melbourne’s Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre, which developed the Phoenix RapidFire bushfire simulator said he believes…

…the vast amount of data gathered by drones could be sent to base via data links and potentially provide far more accurate, real-time predictions of where a fire will spread and when.

NASA is already using drones to study hurricane patterns as part of its Global Hawk project, and it would be no great leap to do the same thing in Australia.

“From an aircraft point of view and a sensing point of view the technology is there,” said Duncan Campbell, head of the Australian Research Centre for Aerospace Automation. Campbell is currently working on embedding drones with smart sensors that prevent them from colliding with aircraft. “The big issue is the use of the airspace and that comes down to regulatory issues.” Nevertheless, he predicts we’ll see them in action over Australian skies within two years. However, we won’t be seeing pricey military grade versions:

“What we’re more likely to see in Australia are the smaller machines in the order of a few 100kg, flying a lot lower.”

The last time we wrote about Australia’s desire to buy large drones was in March, 2009, when they cancelled plans to buy some Global Hawks with an announced objective being surveillance of the waters surrounding the country. Since then the government has gone back and forth several times on buying or not buying these aircraft. The latest, according to Australia’s ABC News in September, 2012, is that the the military wants seven large UAVs flying by 2019. The preferred option is a new, maritime surveillance version of the Global Hawk – the MQ4C Triton with a total cost of $2 billion to $3 billion.

 

Thanks go out to Dick

Tracked vehicles for fire suppression

Yesterday we wrote about a suggestion at Fire Chief magazine that surplus military tanks should be converted to be able to suppress wildland fires. We pointed out that an M1A1 tank weighs 135,200 pounds and that even if the weapons and some of the depleted uranium armor was removed, transporting it on highways limited to 80,000 pounds and using it in an urban-wildland interface would not be easy. However there are other tracked military vehicles that are much lighter, some of which have been converted and used successfully to manage wildland fires.

Converted personnel carrier, North Carolina
Converted personnel carrier on a fire in Wilkes County, North Carolina, Spring, 2006. Photo by Michael Crouse.

For example, Michael sent us the photo above, and said:

We have a few of these around here in NC. Converted personel carriers. We call them fire tracks and the have a 500 gallon tank in the back with an electric ultra striker pump with honda motors. They are very handy to have in the more remote areas.

And there is the vehicle below that was used on the Lateral West Fire in the Great Dismal Swamp in 2011. It appears to be a Bombardier all-terrain vehicle. HERE is a link to examples of similar tracked commercially available non-military vehicles.

Fire hose "spaghetti" at Lateral West Fire, 2011
Fire hose “spaghetti” at the Lateral West Fire, 2011. USFWS photo by Brad Lidell

Frerson commented on yesterday’s article, saying that in France they are using a converted M113 armored tracked vehicle on wildland fires. They have a module with two of them which they use for suppressing fires in the southern part of the country. Atris Corporate appears to be involved in marketing the vehicle which is shown in the video below.