UK wildfire season 2026 underscores importance of new framework

By Meg Dolman

US-UK collaboration produces UK Community Wildfire Resilience Framework

The UK’s 2026 wildfire season brought unprecedented attention to the growing challenge of wildfire risk and resilience. Record-breaking summer temperatures and extended periods of hot, dry weather contributed to a high number of wildfires recorded in England. By the end of August, fire and rescue services had responded to more than 1,354 wildfires, placing significant strain on emergency response resources, second only to the 1,592 fires in 2022.

The severity of the season prompted the UK Government’s largest use of the emergency mobile phone alert system to warn the public of very high wildfire risk and discourage activities that could ignite fires, including barbeques, campfires, and fireworks. Wildfire is no longer an isolated or infrequent hazard in the UK, but an increasingly significant national resilience challenge requiring coordinated and proactive action to reduce wildfire risk and protect communities.

Growing up in southeast England, flooding was a familiar hazard, but wildfire was not. That changed when, at 25, I encountered wildfire for the first time while hiking the Appalachian Trail in the United States.

This experience led me to relocate to Idaho and pursue a PhD focused on community wildfire resilience and human-wildfire interactions across the western US. Through the International Association of Wildland Fire and the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy, I met Victoria Amato in 2022, a community wildfire planning specialist working with SWCA Environmental Consultants. Excited to meet a fellow Brit working in the US wildfire community, we began discussing how decades of wildfire preparedness and resilience efforts in North America could help communities in the UK prepare for a future of increasing wildfire risk.

Following the 2022 UK Wildfire Conference in Belfast, a group of individuals representing wildfire mitigation and management entities from the UK and US formed a knowledge-sharing partnership focused on community resilience and property protection, spearheaded by Amato. The collaboration resulted in the 2024 UK Community Wildfire Resilience Framework for Property Protection.

PREVIOUS COVERAGE: UK unprepared for increasingly frequent wildfires, framework warns

Drawing on successful programs, best practices, and lessons learned from North America and other regions, the paper outlines practical actions and opportunities that can help UK decision-makers build and strengthen community resilience and reduce wildfire risk to life and property.

The framework comes at a critical time. As higher temperatures, prolonged drought, and changing climate conditions contribute to weather conditions more conducive to wildfire activity, the UK is likely to experience more frequent and damaging wildfire events. Despite this growing risk, wildfire management remains devolved. In England, there is no single agency responsible for wildfire or active national wildfire preparedness program, leaving no clear governance structure for coordinated risk reduction and mitigation efforts.

With public awareness and concern increasing following the 2026 wildfire season, there is growing momentum for a more coordinated approach to wildfire preparedness, mitigation, and community engagement. The framework draws on proven approaches from other nations, identifying successful programs and strategies that could be adapted and scaled for the UK, including Community Wildfire Protection Plans, Fire Safe Councils, and WUI building codes. It also highlights opportunities to expand and strengthen existing initiatives such as Firewise UK through a more coordinated national approach. This framework could be used as a road map in response to the UK Parliament’s wildfire management.

By promoting collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and the adaption of proven international models, the framework provides a practical roadmap for building long-term wildfire resilience in the UK. The framework aligns directly with and could help implement the recommendations of the recently published UK Parliament in its wildfire management report by establishing partnerships, governance structures, and shared learning needed to treat wildfire as a national resilience challenge. Through coordinated action across governments, industry, academia, emergency services, and land managers, the framework demonstrates how collective effort can accelerate process, strengthen preparedness, and better protect communities, property, and landscapes from wildfire risk.

First presented at the 2024 UK Wildfire Conference in Aberdeen, this framework will be featured again at Wildfire2026: UK Wildfire Conference in Leeds on 10-11th November, where it exemplifies the theme “New Perspectives – Shared Solutions” by showcasing how international collaboration and shared expertise can come together to support a more resilient future for UK communities.

Click here to read the full framework.

Dr Meg Dolman is a Wildfire Mitigation Specialist with Idaho Power Company, Boise Idaho, and a Director on the Board of the International Association of Wildland Fire

Speakers at Wildfire 2026 – UK Wildfire Conference

PREVIOUS COVERAGE: UK unveils future wildfire plan: military aircraft, specialist fire teams and landscape transformation

UK unveils future wildfire plan: military aircraft, specialist fire teams and landscape transformation

Two historic wildfire seasons and a sense of falling “decades” behind in wildfire preparedness have forced the United Kingdom into a game of catch-up. Officials unveiled what they hope to be their first steps forward at England’s first-ever wildfire summit on Friday.

Prime Minister Andy Burnham announced at the summit in Liverpool that some of the country’s military aircraft would be equipped for firefighting for the first time. The Royal Air Force’s Chinook helicopters and A400M planes will be ready whenever any of the country’s civilian fire services request them for help fighting fires in often inaccessible areas like remote moorland or steep hillsides.

Fireline crews will also get more specialist wildfire teams and lightweight PPE specifically designed for wildfire suppression under the plan, according to Burnham. Up to £45million will go toward fire crew resources, while £25 million more will go toward landscape transformation, specifically to restoring dried-out peatlands and fireproofing farmland.

Burnham said his first-hand experience watching the devastating fire destroy numerous homes in Stourbridge in August drove his desire to increase the nation’s preparedness.

“I will never forget it. Our firefighters were heroes that day, but heroes shouldn’t have to fight with one hand tied behind their backs,” Burnham said at the Summit. “Crews will now have the kit they need to stay safe and military aircraft will stand ready to help tackle wildfires from the sky. We cannot put people through another summer like this one.”

The UK Parliament’s wildfire management report published right before Friday’s Summit painted a dire picture of the country’s fire future. The report looked into the 2026 fire season, the second-worst in the nation’s history only behind the 2025 season when nearly 48,000 hectares (118,610 acres) burned, found numerous weaknesses in the nation’s fire-focused preparedness, resilience and policymaking.

“We found gaps in specialist capability, uncertainty and competition over access to aerial firefighting resources, challenges in securing reliable water supplies during major incidents, and a heavy reliance on local arrangements for resources that are increasingly needed at a national scale,” officials said in the report. “The UK requires stronger national arrangements that allow expertise, equipment and resources to be shared quickly and effectively wherever they are needed.”

In addition to needed aerial and on-the-ground resources, the report called for a unified, clear and publicly available national wildfire strategy. Officials also noted that the country’s coming fire-driven issues will extend beyond the government to local authorities and individual landowners, while initiatives like Burnham’s landscape transformation may worsen public trust.

“We heard repeated concerns from land managers that their knowledge and experience are not always reflected in policy decisions that directly affect their ability to manage wildfire risk,” the officials said. “At a time when the government is asking more of land managers in responding to climate-driven wildfire risk, it cannot afford a situation where those same land managers feel that policy is being done to them rather than developed with them.”

That sentiment was echoed by the National Fire Chiefs Council, which represents the nation’s fire services. Its officials renewed calls for long-term and sustainable funding after the Summit on Friday, saying one-off investments Burnham won’t be enough to meaningfully strengthen the nation’s wildfire resilience.

“The summit has brought much-needed attention to the growing wildfire threat facing the UK, but the scale of the challenge demands a much stronger commitment to action,” Council Chair Phil Garrigan said. “We need the people, equipment, training and specialist capabilities required to meet the challenges ahead. That includes strengthening specialist wildfire teams, developing nationally coordinated aerial firefighting capabilities and ensuring reliable access to water.”

Extreme wildfire danger triggers warning to millions in the UK, largest electronic alert in nation’s history

Millions of residents across England and Wales received a warning to avoid any fire-based activities as fires across the United Kingdom destroy homes amid extreme fire weather, government officials said on Friday.

Officials sent out a mobile phone alert advising people not to light anything that could spark a fire, including barbecues, campfires and fireworks, according to a government press release. The warning was the largest in the mobile alert system’s history since its creation in 2023.

“This is the most extensive use of the UK’s Emergency Alert system in response to an active incident, and reflects the seriousness with which the government is acting to safeguard people and property,” First Secretary Louise Haigh said in the release. “By following the safety guidance, everyone can play their part in protecting local communities and supporting our frontline services who are working around the clock to keep people safe.”

The nation’s fire and rescue services have recently responded to numerous fires across the UK, including a wildfire that broke out in West Midlands near a Stourbridge golf course just a day before the alert was sent out. The fire destroyed multiple homes and sent multiple people to the hospital. Authorities have not shared exact numbers as of Friday, as crews continue fighting the wildfire.

“West Midlands Fire Service, West Midlands Police and Dudley borough Council are still working extremely hard to extinguish the fire in Stourbridge, keep the area secure and look after the displaced residents, respectively,” fire crews said. “We would love to be able to welcome all residents back immediately, but our priority now is ensuring the affected area is safe.”

More than two-thirds of England and all of Wales remain in drought and are facing continual extreme heat, straining resources, according to the National Fire Chiefs Council. The organization said ongoing heatwaves, driven by climate change, are driving wildfire risk to outpace investment.

“We must ensure that investment is not only sustained but enhanced if we are to keep pace with the risks facing our communities,” the Council said. “Whilst we rightly focus on the here and now, we are calling for a long-term wildfire strategy that reflects the changing nature of emergencies facing the UK. This would include continued investment in firefighters, specialist wildfire teams, training, equipment and national capabilities, including a dedicated aerial firefighting capability.”

PREVIOUS COVERAGE: UK wildfire preparedness “decades” behind others

UK wildfire preparedness “decades” behind others

University of Birmingham researchers at a burn on Dorset Heath, United Kingdom.

By Dr Kerryn Little

Wildfire preparedness in the United Kingdom is decades behind others – and we are running out of time to catch up.

In New Zealand where I grew up, I was part of a volunteer rural fire brigade that specifically fought wildfires, and a national Fire Danger Rating System communicated elevated wildfire danger warnings (think road signs of wildfire danger level, like Australia and the USA have).

Given the similarities between New Zealand’s and the UK’s maritime climate and vegetation, I had imagined the UK was similarly equipped to deal with wildfires.

When I moved to the UK in 2020, I learned this was not the case at all – despite the fact that the UK experiences more vegetation fires (~30,000 annually) and has a much higher population density within the ‘rural-urban interface’ where vegetation and people, property and critical infrastructure co-exist.

Wildfire wave

Historically, the UK’s temperate, humid climate and vegetation have protected us from vegetation drying out enough to produce large and intense wildfires. But we are increasingly seeing years with hot, dry extremes that prime our vegetation for wildfires to spread. The UK has been experiencing a ‘wildfire wave’ in 2026 amidst heatwave and drought conditions, with extensive wildfires across the full length of the country. This comes off the back of the UK’s worst wildfire year on record in 2025 that burned nearly 48,000 hectares.

For decades, fire behaviour prediction tools have been a cornerstone of wildfire management in many countries. These tools forecast how a fire will behave – its probability of ignition, flame length, rate of spread – and that information underpins everything from firefighter training and suppression tactics to prescribed burn planning and long-term mitigation strategy. Countries with serious wildfire exposure have invested accordingly: Australia, Canada, the USA, several Mediterranean nations and NZ have each developed fire behaviour models built for, or adapted to, their own landscapes and fuels. However, until recently, the UK has lacked such tailored fire behaviour prediction tools.

University of Birmingham researchers and fire fighters, United Kingdom.
University of Birmingham researchers with fire fighters, United Kingdom.

Wildfire tools

To address this critical gap in decision-making support, wildfire researchers across the UK came together to create FireInSite – the UK’s first fire behaviour prediction system. FireInSite is specifically designed for the UK’s vegetation, having been built on over four years of UK-wide intensive data collection. The freely accessible web interface overcomes barriers to accessing fire behaviour predictions, by integrating geolocated weather forecasts, topography and in-built fuel models. FireInSite was developed closely with groups like the UK’s Wildfire Tactical Advisors to meet their user needs from a wildfire behaviour prediction tool. It has been used operationally since 2025, with user feedback and validation demonstrating its success across the 2025 and 2026 extreme wildfire seasons.

This work sits within a wider effort at the University of Birmingham to take natural hazard risk seriously. Our Network for Emerging Systemic and Multi-Hazard Risk brings together researchers from engineering, climate science, economics, and social sciences to understand how hazards like wildfire don’t just burn land – they can cascade into failures of power networks, water supply, and transport infrastructure. Real disasters rarely respect disciplinary boundaries, and neither should our research.

Consecutive extreme wildfire years in the UK have provided the awareness of and momentum to address the UK’s wildfire preparedness, and we are starting to make significant progress, FireInSite being one aspect of that.

The challenge is to sustain this momentum to keep pace with a threat that isn’t waiting for us to catch up.

Dr Kerryn Little, is a Postdoctoral Researcher in PyroGeography at the University of Birmingham, and a Director on the Board of the International Association of Wildland Fire.

Rethinking cause, consequence and investigation in the UK

A wildfire spreading across shrubs (gorse). Photo: Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service.

By Rhodri Jones

In an era of climate volatility, sprawling urban development, and rising societal pressures, wildfires in the United Kingdom have evolved from seasonal phenomena into persistent national threats.

No longer confined to distant wildernesses, wildfires pose real and recurring dangers to communities, economies, and ecosystems.

This article is first published in Wildfire Magazine – read the full edition.

During the July 2022 heatwave, multiple wildfires occurred across England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. In 2022 – for the first time – the UK capital London was significantly hit by a wildfire season that included the destruction of 18 houses in the suburb town of Wennington.

In the summer of 2025, there were more than 700 recorded wildfire incidents in England and Wales that burned between 29,000 and 35,000 hectares of moorland, forest, and grassland (which is equivalent to the metropolitan area of Washington D.C), putting a huge strain on fire and rescue services. Comparatively, there were half this number in 2023 and 2024 respectively, primarily due to wet summers, however both 2023 and 2024 recorded approximately 150 more fires than 2022.

In the UK, wildfires are not forensically investigated.

Despite growing in scale and severity the UK’s fire investigation communities’ understanding of the root causes of most wildland fires remains limited, guided primarily by international literature and a lack of scientific rigor given the nuanced complexities that come with wildfire investigation. Wildfire incident record data suggests that causation is split equally between accident or negligence and deliberate ignition, with the latter potentially underreported due to the lack of investigations. This data represents not only unintentional ignitions from human activity but also intentional acts ranging from vandalism and thrill-seeking to ideological motivations. Humans are not merely victims of wildfire – they are often instigators.

The 2023 Wildfire Investigation Project Report provides a framework for determining cause and origin but also considers issues such as pyro-terrorism.

Reframing the cause: beyond climate alone

My secondment to the UK Forestry Commission – a UK government department responsible for the management of woodlands and forests – from the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, reinforced what years of my research to better understand wildfire suggested: the assumed causes of wildfire are often speculative, unproven or incomplete. The tendency to focus solely on climate or accidental human behaviors does little to inform effective prevention or policy.

Instead, the narrow focus diverts attention from the complex reality, including the underappreciated frequency and impact of deliberate ignition.

Wildfire research has also explored the concept of pyro-terrorism – arson-induced wildfires as potential tools of political violence or sabotage. Although pyro-terrorism is statistically less common than other causes of unplanned wildfire, the threat is recognized in academic literature due to its potential to disrupt infrastructure, economies, and public morale with minimal resources. In the Russia-Ukraine conflict there have been reports of wildfires – caused by drones – being used as a tactic of modern day warfare. In this sense, wildfire investigation is not only an environmental and public safety necessity but also a national security concern.

The UK’s emerging response: from security to resilience

Historically, the UK lacked formal mechanisms for consistent wildfire investigation, relying instead on fragmented data and assumptions. This began to change in early 2023, during my secondment to the Forestry Commission, with the development of a UK-specific wildfire investigation framework. Drawing inspiration from international best practices, including the U.S. National Wildfire Coordinating Group’s (NWCG) F110 and F120 programs, a bespoke model was proposed in the April 2023 Wildfire Investigation Report, tailored to the UK’s landscape, urban interfaces, and operational context. (Search April 2023 Wildfire Investigation Report + Rhodri Jones.)

The framework emphasizes that investigating wildfires is not just about identifying ignition points but also about disrupting cycles of destruction before they begin, understanding fire mechanics, analyzing the psychology of arsonists, and evaluating the socio-economic drivers of landscape mismanagement. The framework also considers the strategic motivations behind deliberate ignition, ensuring that even low-probability threats such as pyro-terrorism are not ignored.

The framework and proposed training are under development but have been endorsed by the National Fire Chiefs Council, the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, the Forestry Commission, the Home Office, and Natural England, the government’s advisor for the natural environment. Given that the 2025 wildfires demonstrated a tangible national threat, the concept of wildfire investigation will hopefully evolve from a development program into a full-fledged project, supported by an array of stakeholders. The framework’s message is clear: without structured, evidence-led investigation, wildfire prevention efforts risk being reactive, inefficient, and misdirected.

Why investigation matters now more than ever

Wildfire investigation goes far beyond the mechanics of fire; it encompasses human behavior, socio-economic factors, and psychological drivers, equipping authorities to anticipate incidents, understand trends, and prevent recurrence. In the UK context, where deliberate and accidental ignitions occur in roughly equal measure, the ability to distinguish motives and patterns is essential for effective policy, resource allocation, and community safety.

International experience demonstrates the value of such approaches. In Australia, for example, arson prevention programs in primary schools that aim to reduce the number of bushfires ignited in parks near schools on Friday afternoons have had a positive impact in addressing the socio-behavioral causes of wildfire. The UK can similarly benefit from adopting evidence-led strategies and structured investigative frameworks.

Moving forward: an urgent call to action

In the UK, the 21st century demands a new paradigm for understanding wildland fire. Climate change is critical, but it does not act alone. Wildfire is also a function of politics, culture, infrastructure, psychology, and deliberate human action. The UK must invest in specialized wildfire investigative capacity, develop formal training programs, promote international knowledge exchange, and embed wildfire cause analysis into national resilience planning; this will support government departments and partner organizations in preventing, protecting against, responding to and recovering from wildfires that are increasingly becoming part of the UK’s annual risk cycle, many of which are influenced by anthropogenic factors.

Most importantly, wildfires must be treated not only as environmental disasters but as events that can involve deliberate human intent.

Rhodri Jones is a fire sector professional with 18 years operational, fire safety, investigative and project management experience gained within the UK and international fire and rescue services. He now works as a government scientist for the UK civil service in the Health & Safety Executive as the technical team lead for fire safety. Jones has been pioneering the concept of wildfire investigation in the UK and in 2023 produced a wildfire investigation report for the UK Forestry Commission, which examines the UK causes of wildfires and how the UK can improve its wildfire investigation capability.

‘Fire weather’ indicators aren’t one size fits all, research shows

Metrics to indicate wildfire likelihood and severity are common worldwide; however, a growing body of research suggests that more nuanced approaches may be necessary.

The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index launched by the Canadian Forest Service in the 1960s is now adapted for use in numerous regions, including parts of Australia, Europe and Asia. The United Kingdom also uses the index, but does not have a fire danger rating system akin to other nations.

Most decision support systems based on fire weather–fire relationships have primarily been developed in fire-prone regions that have a long history of experiencing large and extreme wildfires (Canada, Southern Europe, Australia, United States) and then adapted for use in emerging fire-prone regions that have smaller fires, many of which are not detected by satellite.

The Canada Index’s essential metrics, including humidity, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed, may not be good enough alone to predict fire occurrence in places such as the UK, according to a recently published paper. The study explored using another metric, specifically extreme atmospheric blocking events, alongside the index’s other measurements, that may better help forecast wildfires throughout the UK.

Atmospheric blocking occurs when a high-pressure system remains nearly stationary and effectively blocks airflow, causing dry conditions and high surface temperatures that promote vegetation fires, according to the paper. Tracking persistent positive anomalies, or PPAs, of the blocking events may act as a better warning system than relying on the usual fire weather indicators.

“Because of their long-development phase and slow-moving nature, (PPAs) tend to be more predictable in the medium-range of up to two weeks, compared to surface fire weather indicators that are more locally variable and get challenging to forecast beyond the short-term,” lead author and University of Birmingham researcher Kerryn Little told WildfireToday. “Considering synoptic indicators of fire weather like PPAs in addition to surface fire weather indicators may help us to get an early warning of elevated fire weather conditions to aid fire preparedness and management decision-making.”

Using PPA events and other similar indicators of fire danger periods would provide significant benefits for fire preparedness regions like the UK, which have had to rely on general fire danger assessments, rather than region-specific, tailored forecasts.

“Our research does show (like others have) that certain fire weather indicators don’t perform well where there is a strong phenological control on when fires occur. Many of our fires in the UK (and in other temperate regions of Europe) occur during spring. High temperatures and long dry periods are not necessarily needed for these fires, as live fuel moisture can be very low prior to new vegetation growth and so those indicators based on weather variables alone don’t capture this risk. To capture the spring fire season, other indicators that incorporate this phenological control are needed.”


Read the full paper Extreme blocking ridges are associated with vegetation fire occurrence in England in the International Journal of Wildland Fire. In assessing the Canadian FWI for UK use, lead author Kerryn Little and University of Birmingham colleague Nicholas Kettridge, were assisted by contributing Canadian writers Dante Castellanos-Asuna and Mike Flannigan from Thompson Rivers University, and Piyush Jain from Canada Forest Service.

Hot dry weather leads to numerous wildfires in Europe

Weather forecast, Europe, for July 18, 2022
Weather forecast, Europe, for July 18, 2022. WeatherOnlne. For reference, 40C is 104F, and 35C is 95F.

As Western Europe enters its second heat wave in the last 30 days the maximum temperatures are predicted to set records. Residents in the United Kingdom could experience conditions none of them have ever seen as the temperature rises to 104F degrees (40C) or more, prompting officials to issue the first ever red “extreme heat” warning for Monday and Tuesday.

Farther south in Europe, in southwest France on Saturday there were temperature peaks of close to 108F (42C), as the city of Biarritz broke a maximum temperature record. Nearly three-quarters of the country’s population, 45 million people, were affected by red or orange heat alerts in what is the earliest heat wave ever recorded in France.

The hot, dry weather has resulted in numerous wildfires in Britain, Spain, Portugal, and France over the last several days, bringing an earlier than usual start of the fire season. Firefighters in London, yes, London, have dealt with more than 800 vegetation fires since the start of last month to July 12.

wildfire in the Bordeaux region of southwest France
Firefighters work on a wildfire in the Bordeaux region of southwest France. AP.

Two blazes near the coastal town of Arcachon in France’s southwest Gironde region have burned more than 24,000 acres since Tuesday. About 3,000 firefighters assisted by firefighting aircraft are battling the blazes in southern France.

On Friday a pilot was killed while working on a fire in Northeast Portugal when an Air Tractor AT-802AF Fire Boss went down near the town of Torre de Moncorvo after scooping water on the Douro river.

Spain is also working on several large fires that have burned tens of thousands of acres. In southern Andalusia, 3,000 people were evacuated after a fire started near the village of Mijas in the province of Malaga. Around 200 firefighters supported by 18 aircraft are assigned to the incident.

European heat wave
BBC weather forecaster Ben Rich.

BBC weather forecaster Ben Rich explained that the current heat wave is caused by the jet stream shifting north and a portion of it breaking off to form a low pressure area west of Portugal, a cutoff low, with south winds pumping heat north into Western Europe including Spain, France and the UK.

Combined drought indicator Europe
Combined drought indicator last 10 days in June, 2022. European Commission’s Drought Observatory..

Much of Western Europe and the southern UK are in drought ranging from warning to alert levels, according to the European Commission’s Drought Observatory. The dry soils allow more surface heating and the result is record-setting temperatures and lower than average moisture in the vegetation, establishing conditions that are conducive to large wildfires with high resistance to control.

The video below is a summary of current wildfires in Western Europe.

Videos of extreme crosswind landings yesterday at Heathrow

Landing at Heathrow Airport, Feb. 18,2022. Big Jet TV
On this attempted landing at Heathrow Airport, Feb. 18,2022 the pilot decided to go around. Image from Big Jet TV video.

The arrival of storm Eunice at Heathrow Airport in the United Kingdom yesterday resulted in strong crosswinds and elevated heart rates as airplanes were landing on runway 27L. In many cases, they aborted the approaches and decided to go around.

Big Jet TV was on the scene streaming live for nearly eight hours, providing Olympic-like commentary as the big planes attempted to get on the ground during winds that gusted up to 70 mph. At one time the live stream had 200,000 viewers and about 24 hours later has had more than 6 million views.

Jerry Dyer shot the video from a platform on top of his van as he narrated what was happening with many of the planes heavily crabbing against the wind gusts. As the aircraft in the photo above aborted the landing a few feet above the runway (at 1:14:10) he shouted, “Ohhhhhhhhh nooooooo…. he didn’t like that!”

“He’s not having that. He’s not having any of that,” he said as another pilot decided to go around. And at other times, “Easy! Easy!”, “Are you sure? Are you sure?” “Drop it! Drop it!”, and “Yeahhhhhh! Nicely done!”

If you have eight hours to kill, check out the video below. Or, just sample it.